Identifying similarities and differences is a fundamental cognitive process which allows children to deepen their understanding, see patterns and make relationships between objects. It helps with organizational skills and fosters connections to new understanding, allowing children to remember information. If children do not learn to compare and contrast in a meaningful way it will hinder their reading comprehension.
It needs to be taught in an explicit way, giving opportunities for lots of practice. One can start off with objects and pictures, which provides first hand experience and experimentation, and gradually include Venn diagrams, comparison tables or charts, hierarchical taxonomies and linked maps.
Metaphors and similes and finally analogies provide another way of identifying similarities and differences and making comparisons. Highlighting subtle differences can in turn help children make better life decisions.
How to introduce the skill:
Use 2 objects the child is familiar with.
Start with clear, physical characteristics and purposes.
Allow time to think deeply and in detail.
Allow time to share and listen to others' ideas.
Bring it back to text. Compare and contrast 2 versions of the same story.
Teach the vocabulary needed to have an effective conversation, comparing and contrasting 2 objects.
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